Abstract: ?Backward? Lagrangian stochastic models calculate an ensemble of fluid element (particle) trajectories that are distinguished by each passing through an observation point. As shown, they can be faster and more flexible in ...

Abstract: High-frequency fluctuations of concentration in a plume dispersing in the atmospheric surface layer have been measured with high-resolution concentration detectors (approximately 270 Hz at the ?6-dB point) to extract various ...