Abstract: Temporal changes in the properties of the North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW) and the North Pacific central mode water (NPCMW), which occurred around the mid-1970s, are investigated using temperature data composited ...

Abstract: Formation and circulation of mode waters in the subtropical North Pacific are investigated by performing a numerical simulation with a high-resolution general circulation model. In the model, important features for forming ...

Abstract: AbstractSea level variability around Japan from 1906 to 2010 is examined using a regional ocean model, along with observational data and the CMIP5 historical simulations. The regional model reproduces observed interdecadal ...

Abstract: The authors developed a system for simulating climate variation by constraining the ocean component of a coupled atmosphere?ocean general circulation model (CGCM) through ocean data assimilation and conducted a climate ...