Abstract: To ensure that the high-speed train with speeds from 200 to 350  km/h or even faster can run safely and smoothly, the ballastless or ballast track must have high riding comfort. As the precise control reference of railway ...

Abstract: Track irregularities generate train vibrations. The precise adjustment of a track after locking a long rail and dispersing its stress during railway operation and maintenance are crucial to ensure high-speed, stable, and ...