Abstract: A snowmelt model based on a heat balance method has been developed. This model takes into account both the heat balance at the snow surface and that of the entire snow cover and simultaneously predicts the snow surface ...

Abstract: his study evaluated the effect of recent eastern Siberian land surface changes, such as water surface expansion, on water-energy fluxes and precipitation and focused on land surface parameters using a three-dimensional ...

Abstract: A heat-balance model having a canopy of one or two layers has been developed. The calculated fluxes using the present model were found to be in agreement with measurements from a rice paddy field, an orchard, and the ...

Abstract: Water and energy exchanges are evaluated for two larch forests, one pine forest, and one grassland area in eastern Siberia near Yakutsk using a one-dimensional land surface model. Diurnal and seasonal variations of fluxes ...

Abstract: physical vegetation model [the Two-Layer Model (2LM)] was applied to estimate the climate change impacts on rice leaf wetness (LW) as a potential indicator of rice blast occurrence. Japan was used as an example. Dynamically ...