Abstract: Observations show that since the 1950s, the subsurface Southern Ocean has been rapidly warming in the south and cooling in the north. However, what drives these opposing latitudinal patterns of change is not well understood. ...

Abstract: The Southern Hemisphere temperature has experienced obvious changes with great spatial differences over the past several decades. Most regions show extreme warming, especially those located at 35°–55°S. In contrast, ...

Abstract: We study a hysteresis western boundary current (WBC) flowing across a gap impinged by a mesoscale eddy, with an island of variable meridional size in the gap, using a 1.5-layer ocean model. The hysteresis curves suggest ...