Abstract: Microscale parameters have significant influence on the macromechanical behaviors of brittle materials in the discrete-element method (DEM). The rational determination of microparameters is still an open problem to model ...

Abstract: Tropical cold point tropopause (CPT) characteristics have been calculated using ECMWF reanalyses and high resolution radiosonde soundings obtained in TOGA COARE as well as operational sounding data. It is found that ECMWF ...

Abstract: There has been increasing recognition of the role of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) in determining stratospheric water vapor concentrations?the TTL being a layer of transition between air showing tropospheric properties ...

Abstract: A wheel-terrain interaction mechanics model based on terramechanics and simplified force and moment reconstruction is introduced. The model comprises pressure-bearing parameters (combined deformation modulus and slip sinkage ...

Abstract: Clouds cool the climate system by reflecting shortwave radiation and warm it by increasing the atmospheric greenhouse. Previous studies have shown that in tropical regions of deep convection there is a near cancellation ...

Abstract: Radar images can be employed to examine features of the ice surface and to determine ice drift. In the winter of 2012–2013, sea ice drift in the Bohai Sea was monitored using a marine radar system installed on an offshore ...

Abstract: Thirty-four individual thermohaline sheets are identified at depths of 170–400 m in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean by using the hydrographical data measured with the Ice-Tethered Profilers (ITPs) between August 2005 ...