Abstract: The computational modes associated with a centered finite-differencing scheme in space are studied. The existence and impact of these computational modes in a numerical solution are demonstrated with the use of theoretical ...

Abstract: Three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) analysis is an important method used at many operational and research institutes in meteorology, for example, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) ...

Abstract: ct available.

Abstract: In recent years, the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has developed a space and time mesoscale analysis system (STMAS), which is currently a sequential ...

Abstract: In recent years techniques have been developed to obtain integrated water vapor along slant paths between ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and the GPS satellites. Results are presented of an observing ...

Abstract: his study documents a very rapid increase in convective instability, vertical wind shear, and mesoscale forcing for ascent leading to the formation of a highly unusual tornado as detected by a ground-based microwave ...

Abstract: AbstractThe En4DVar method is designed to combine the flow-dependent statistical covariance information of EnKF into the traditional 4DVar method. However, the En4DVar method is still hampered by its strong dependence on ...

Abstract: Correlation scales have been used in the traditional scheme of three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) to estimate the background (or first guess) error covariance matrix (the ? matrix in brief) for the ...