Abstract: Freeze–thaw cycles induced deterioration on rocks begins with the damage in microstructures such as pores and pore throats. This paper was devoted to providing a fundamental understanding of the microscopic deterioration ...

Abstract: The stability of rock engineering in cold regions is deteriorated by the day–night and seasonal freeze–thaw environments. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a damage constitutive model that can effectively describe the ...

Abstract: With the development of urbanization, numerous underground structures were constructed in composite soil. It is common that the aseismic capacity of the underground structure is influenced by the soil. Hence, during the ...