Abstract: A unique glimpse of the Arctic from a period before the present era of climate warming is found in the records of the first International Polar Year (IPY) of 1882?83. Inspired by the Austrian scientist and explorer Carl ...

Abstract: AbstractPIOMAS-20C, an Arctic sea ice reconstruction for 1901?2010, is produced by forcing the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) with ERA-20C atmospheric data. ERA-20C performance over Arctic ...

Abstract: AbstractSeasonally ice-covered marginal seas are among the most difficult regions in the Arctic to study. Physical constraints imposed by the variable presence of sea ice in all stages of growth and melt make the upper ...