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RISA Model for the Spectral Albedo of Snow. II: Snow Containing Atmospheric Aerosols
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Small highly absorbing particles, present in concentrations of only 1 part per million by weight (ppmw) or less, can lower snow albedo in the visible by 5?15% from the high values (96?99%) predicted for pure snow in Part ...
A Model for the Spectral Albedo of Snow. I: Pure Snow
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: We present a method for calculating the spectral albedo of snow which can be used at any wavelength in the solar spectrum and which accounts for diffusely or directly incident radiation at any zenith angle. For deep snow, ...
The Spectral Radiance Experiment (SPECTRE): Project Description and Sample Results
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The fundamental climatic role of radiative processes has spurred the development of increasingly sophisticated models of radiative transfer in the earth-atmosphere system. Since the basic physics of radiative transfer is ...
The “RED versus NIR” Plane to Retrieve Broken-Cloud Optical Depth from Ground-Based Measurements
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A new method for retrieving cloud optical depth from ground-based measurements of zenith radiance in the red (RED) and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions is introduced. Because zenith radiance does not have a one-to-one ...
Small-Scale Drop-Size Variability: Empirical Models for Drop-Size-Dependent Clustering in Clouds
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: By analyzing aircraft measurements of individual drop sizes in clouds, it has been shown in a companion paper that the probability of finding a drop of radius r at a linear scale l decreases as lD(r), where 0 ≤ D(r) ≤ 1. ...
Independent Pixel and Monte Carlo Estimates of Stratocumulus Albedo
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Monte Carlo radiative transfer methods are employed here to estimate the plane-parallel albedo bias for marine stratocumulus clouds. This is the bias in estimates of the mesoscale-average albedo, which arises from the ...
The Albedo of Fractal Stratocumulus Clouds
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: An increase in the planetary albedo of the earth-atmosphere system by only 10% can decrease the equilibrium surface temperature to that of the last ice age. Nevertheless, albedo biases of 10% or greater would be introduced ...
In Situ Cloud Sensing with Multiple Scattering Lidar: Simulations and Demonstration
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Due to the spatially inhomogeneous nature of clouds there are large uncertainties in validating remote sensing retrievals of cloud properties with traditional in situ cloud probes, which have sampling volumes measured in ...
Retrievals of Thick Cloud Optical Depth from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) by Calibration of Solar Background Signal
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Laser beams emitted from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), as well as other spaceborne laser instruments, can only penetrate clouds to a limit of a few optical depths. As a result, only optical depths of thinner ...