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RISA Model for the Spectral Albedo of Snow. II: Snow Containing Atmospheric Aerosols
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Small highly absorbing particles, present in concentrations of only 1 part per million by weight (ppmw) or less, can lower snow albedo in the visible by 5?15% from the high values (96?99%) predicted for pure snow in Part ...
A Model for the Spectral Albedo of Snow. I: Pure Snow
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: We present a method for calculating the spectral albedo of snow which can be used at any wavelength in the solar spectrum and which accounts for diffusely or directly incident radiation at any zenith angle. For deep snow, ...
The Spectral Radiance Experiment (SPECTRE): Project Description and Sample Results
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The fundamental climatic role of radiative processes has spurred the development of increasingly sophisticated models of radiative transfer in the earth-atmosphere system. Since the basic physics of radiative transfer is ...
The Landsat Scale Break in Stratocumulus as a Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer Effect: Implications for Cloud Remote Sensing
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Several studies have uncovered a break in the scaling properties of Landsat cloud scenes at nonabsorbing wavelengths. For scales greater than 200?400 m, the wavenumber spectrum is approximately power law in k?5/3, but from ...
Scale Invariance of Liquid Water Distributions in Marine Stratocumulus. Part I: Spectral Properties and Stationarity Issues
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: This study investigates the internal structure of marine stratocumulus (Sc) using the spatial fluctuations of liquid water content (LWC) measured along horizontal flights off the coast of southern California during the ...
Scale Invariance in Liquid Water Distributions in Marine Stratocumulus. Part II: Multifractal Properties and Intermittency Issues
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: This is the second of two papers analyzing the internal liquid water content (LWC) structure of marine stratocumulus (Sc) based on observations taken during the First ICCP (International Commission on Cloud Physics) Regional ...
Performance of Commercial Radiometers in Very Low Temperature and Pressure Environments Typical of Polar Regions and of the Stratosphere: A Laboratory Study
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Characterizing the performance of ground-based commercial radiometers in cold and/or low-pressure environments is critical for developing accurate flux measurements in the polar regions and in the upper troposphere and ...
Biases in Shortwave Column Absorption in the Presence of Fractal Clouds
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: In this paper, the effect of cloud structure on column absorption by water vapor is investigated. Radiative fluxes above and below horizontally inhomogeneous liquid water clouds are computed using an efficient Monte Carlo ...
The “RED versus NIR” Plane to Retrieve Broken-Cloud Optical Depth from Ground-Based Measurements
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A new method for retrieving cloud optical depth from ground-based measurements of zenith radiance in the red (RED) and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions is introduced. Because zenith radiance does not have a one-to-one ...
Small-Scale Drop-Size Variability: Empirical Models for Drop-Size-Dependent Clustering in Clouds
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: By analyzing aircraft measurements of individual drop sizes in clouds, it has been shown in a companion paper that the probability of finding a drop of radius r at a linear scale l decreases as lD(r), where 0 ≤ D(r) ≤ 1. ...