Abstract: In Newtonian particle dynamics the covariance of the kinetic energy equation to transformation between different inertial frames may he demonstrated only if the correct momentum equation is applied. A similar relation ...

Abstract: Several published models of the zonal average circulation on a sphere have not defined geostrophic equilibrium of the zonal flow in an energetically consistent way. The effect of the inconsistency is expected to be small, ...

Abstract: The behavior of two quasi-geostrophic, ?-plane formulations under two translation operations is considered. The translation operations are zonal coordinate translation, in which the coordinate frame is translated zonally ...

Abstract: Attention is given to the extra term appearing in the quasi-geostrophic horizontal boundary condition when it is required that the vertical velocity (?), rather than the material derivative of pressure (?), be zero on a ...

Abstract: The stability of internal baroclinic jets to quasi-geostrophic, normal mode perturbations is studied. Some important aspects are clarified by considering a jet which consists of a baroclinic layer sandwiched between two ...

Abstract: Eady's and Green's baroclinic instability problems are examined in N-level models with 2 ? N ? 180. As N is increased, both the maximum growth rate and the wavelength at which it occurs converge monotonically, without the ...

Abstract: An isentropic coordinate form of quasigeostrophic potential vorticity is derived. Compared with well-known height and pressure coordinate versions, this isentropic form is more clearly related to Ertel's potential vorticity ...

Abstract: A scatter diagram may be constructed by choosing an appropriate closed or open horizontal curve in physical space and plotting the value of any scalr quantity q against the geostrophic streamfunction ? for each data point ...