Abstract: Temperature variation during the welding will cause different solid-state phase transformations in the welding area and result in a heat-affected zone (HAZ) between the weld metal (WM) and the base metal (BM). Depth-sensing ...

Abstract: The coarse-grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) is often the most fragile part of the weld region due to hard phases and coarse grains generated during the welding. Characterization of the mechanical properties and fracture ...