Abstract: Statistics indicate that granular rock mass frequently acts as the flow channel and cause water inrush disasters under high water pressure in underground mining and tunnel engineering. The flow velocity of water inrush is ...

Abstract: A karst collapse column (KCC), a type of vertical structure that is common in the Carboniferous-Permian coal fields of North China, contains many graded broken rocks and often functions as a channel for groundwater inrush. ...