Abstract: he stratospheric polar vortex is weaker in the easterly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO-E) than in the westerly phase (QBO-W), but the mechanism behind the QBO's influence is not well understood. The composite ...

Abstract: mportant questions concerning parameterization of tropical convection are how should subgrid-scale variability be represented and which large-scale variables should be used in the parameterizations? Here the statistics of ...

Abstract: ith extreme variability of the Arctic polar vortex being a key link for stratosphere?troposphere influences, its evolution into the twenty-first century is important for projections of changing surface climate in response ...