Abstract: Cryogen spray cooling is an auxiliary procedure to dermatologic laser surgery, which consists of precooling the superficial skin layer (epidermis) during laser irradiation of subsurface targets ...

Abstract: The design of one secondary loop of a complex network often neglects the effect that its operation has on the others. The present is a study of hydrodynamic and thermal interaction between ...

Abstract: Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) protects the epidermis from unintended heating during cutaneous laser surgery. The present work investigated the time-dependent flow characteristics of cryogen sprays ...