Abstract: In this study, the characteristics of a round turbulent jet in the vicinity of a free surface are investigated. The jet issued from a nozzle located at a depth five times the nozzle diameter ...

Abstract: This paper reports the results of an experimental study characterizing turbulence and turbulence anisotropy in smooth and rough shallow open-channel flows. The rough bed consists of a train of two-dimensional transverse ...

Abstract: This paper reports particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the instantaneous velocity fields in a smooth open-channel flow. The Reynolds number of the flow based on the water depth was 21,000. The instantaneous ...