Abstract: The climate at the last glacial maximum (LGM) has been simulated using the U.K. Universities Global Atmospheric Modeling Programme (UGAMP) general circulation model (GCM) truncated at total wavenumbers 21, 42, and 63 (T21, ...

Abstract: The U.K. University Global Atmospheric Modeling Programme GCM is used to investigate whether the growth of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets could have been initiated by changes of orbital parameters and sea surface temperature. ...

Abstract: AbstractThe changes in the global energy budget in response to imposing an ice sheet?s topography, albedo, or topography and albedo combined are examined. The albedo of the ice sheet (here called a ?White Plain?) causes ...

Abstract: In this paper we show that the observed zonally averaged atmosphere is unstable to normal mode type perturbations even when the effects of surface friction as modeled by an Ekman layer or Rayleigh damping are included. ...

Abstract: A spectral, σ-coordinate model linearized about a zonal mean flow is used to investigate the maintenance of the December?February climatological stationary waves. The model is generally run with 15 levels in the vertical ...

Abstract: Given that middle latitude weather systems transport heat in a manner such as to weaken the baroclinicity that is thought to be crucial to their growth, it is perhaps surprising that concentrated regions of such eddy ...

Abstract: Traditionally, stationary wave models have been linearized about a zonal-mean flow and the response calculated to various fixed orographic and thermal forcings. In this paper it is shown that the inclusion of nonlinear ...

Abstract: Two 10-yr integrations of the UGAMP GCM are presented. Each has a full seasonal cycle, T42 resolution, interactive land and sea ice, and prescribed sea surface temperatures. They differ in that one integration represents ...

Abstract: A 5-yr simulation of the last glacial maximum using the UGAMP GCM is presented. It has a full seasonal cycle, T42 resolution, and interactive land surface and sea ice. Boundary conditions of SST, sea ice extent and land ...

Abstract: A steady decline in Arctic sea ice has been observed over recent decades. General circulation models predict further decreases under increasing greenhouse gas scenarios. Sea ice plays an important role in the climate system ...