Abstract: Gravel-bed river turbulence is investigated on the basis of field measurements in New Zealand rivers. The data include instant longitudinal velocities obtained by two methods: point measurements and vertical profile ...

Abstract: Spatial averaging of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations gives the double-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, for which boundary drag appears naturally and explicitly in momentum conservation equations. Increasing ...

Abstract: A series of experiments was undertaken to assess fully rough turbulent subcritical flow over two-dimensional transverse repeated-rib roughness of varying spacing