Abstract: ecently, observational and numerical evidence has accumulated against the concept of a critical Richardson number Ricr beyond which too-stable stratification would extinguish turbulence. It also appeared that the characteristics ...

Abstract: orizontal diffusion in numerical weather prediction models is, in general, applied to reduce numerical noise at the smallest atmospheric scales. In convection-permitting models, with horizontal grid spacing on the order ...

Abstract: arth?s climate is a nonlinear dynamical system with scale-dependent Lyapunov exponents. As such, an important theoretical question for modeling weather and climate is how much real information is carried in a model?s ...

Abstract: AbstractA new turbulence scheme with two prognostic energies is presented. The scheme is an extension of a turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) scheme following the ideas of Zilitinkevich et al. but valid for the whole stability ...