Abstract: he offline linearized ocean?atmosphere model (LOAM), which was developed to quantify the impact of the climatological mean state on the variability of the El Niño?Southern Oscillation (ENSO), is used to illuminate why ENSO ...

Abstract: Analyses of instrumental data demonstrate robust linkages between decadal-scale North Pacific and tropical Indo-Pacific climatic variability. These linkages encompass common regime shifts, including the noteworthy 1976 ...