Abstract: In recent years, pressure management based on district metering areas (DMAs) has played an irreplaceable role in background leakage reduction in water distribution networks (WDNs). To further improve DMA management, this ...

Abstract: Despite recent advances in leak detection in water supply systems, previous studies focused mainly on material aspects or orifice opening characteristics. This study evaluated geometric, hydraulic, and hydrodynamic factors ...

Abstract: Pipe bursts in water distribution systems (WDSs) are challenging to detect due to their hidden and complex nature. Such events cause rapid, significant pressure drops that can serve as key indicators. Because pressure ...

Abstract: Erosion of a saturated sand bed by a vertically upward water jet was studied experimentally. Direct observations on the behavior of sand-bed erosion were obtained by increasing the flow rate at a small increment until ...

Abstract: Theoretical and experimental results for the evolution of cavities generated by upward vertical leakage jets in porous media are presented. The formulation is based on the conservation principles of mass, momentum, and ...