Abstract: If they are negatively buoyant (denser than ambient water), inflows to lakes and reservoirs sink (plunge) below the water surface after entering. The location of the plunge line or maximum penetration into the lake or ...

Abstract: A negatively buoyant inflow to a lake or reservoir sinks to the bottom and forms an underflow. In this process, the “plunging flow” entrains ambient water and becomes diluted. The dilution alters the buoyancy and hence the ...

Abstract: Sampling in an incompletely mixed effluent was studied with the aid of a hydraulic model. The effluent was the discharge from a major wastewater treatment facility. Residual chemicals from the chlorination/dechlorination ...

Abstract: The internal flow behavior of negatively buoyant flow in a diverging horizontal channel is inferred from visual observations and temperature distribution. Some observed flow features are explained and illustrated.

Abstract: Negatively buoyant (plunging) flow entering a horizontal and diverging channel has been studied in the laboratory. Such flow is found at the heads of reservoirs and near effluent sites into lakes. Six flow regimes could ...