Abstract: Retaining walls are widely used for shoring excavations and stabilizing earth slopes. They often support naturally formed soils above the groundwater table and compacted soils, which are in an unsaturated state. To perform ...

Abstract: Globally, there is a vast amount of coal mining waste (CMW) currently stored in spoil tips and tailing dams, presenting a significant source of potentially recoverable geomaterial for construction and geotechnical applications. ...