Abstract: Growing evidence suggests that research must be done to develop energy efficient systems and clean energy conversion technologies to combat the limited sources of fossil fuel, its high price, and its adverse effects on ...

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the design, development, and testing of a low-concentration vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The low-cost implementation has a 7 cm × 7 cm active membrane area and an electrolyte ...