Abstract: Air and snow?ground interface temperatures were measured during two winters at 33 stations spanning the 180-km-long Kuparuk basin in arctic Alaska. Interface temperatures averaged 7.5°C higher than air temperatures and ...

Abstract: In many practical applications snow depth is known, but snow water equivalent (SWE) is needed as well. Measuring SWE takes ?20 times as long as measuring depth, which in part is why depth measurements outnumber SWE ...