Abstract: A simple mechanical model of the skateboard–skater system is analyzed, in which a linear proportional-derivative (PD) controller with delay is included to mimic the effect of human control. The equations of motion of the ...

Abstract: In this paper, a special type of beam element is developed with three nodes and with only translational degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) at each node. This element can be used effectively to build low degree-of-freedom models of ...

Abstract: This paper investigates a three-degrees-of-freedom (DoF) shimmy model of vehicle front wheels with steering system and dependent suspension. The contact models of rigid ground and elastic tire are analyzed from the viewpoint ...