Abstract: Common design practice for diaphragm walls is based on the assumption that the walls is “wished-in-place,” which implies that the construction of a diaphragm wall, itself, does not cause any movements or changes in lateral ...

Abstract: Diaphragm walls with thicknesses ranging from 600–1,200 mm are increasingly used as both temporary and permanent supports for excavations in congested urban areas. This paper describes the performance of two propped ...