Abstract: A power law relating bed-form magnitudes (lengths or heights) to time, with all parameters normalized by equilibrium values, is promoted to describe ripple or dune growth with time from plane-bed to equilibrium conditions. ...

Abstract: Spatial averaging of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations gives the double-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, for which boundary drag appears naturally and explicitly in momentum conservation equations. Increasing ...