Abstract: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are green technology capable of generating direct current while simultaneously treating wastewater. Although in most studies, catholytes used in MFC reactors are either phosphate buffer, direct ...

Abstract: Microalgae cultivation utilizing urine can extract valuable nutrients from the urine while also producing beneficial by-products. Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are nutrients vital to all living organisms. When wastewater ...

Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) that are contained in water pose a great threat to the ecological environment, because they have the potential to biomagnify in the food chain, which negatively affects higher trophic level animals that ...