Abstract: A vertical finite-difference scheme for the primitive equations in sigma coordinates is obtained by requiring that the discrete equations retain some important properties of the continuous equations. A family of schemes ...

Abstract: A simple implementation of the Arakawa and Schubert (1974) cumulus parameterization is presented. The major simplification made is to ?relax?the state toward equilibrium each time the parameterization is invoked, rather ...

Abstract: A simple nonlinear model is proposed for the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Its key feature is the inclusion of oceanic wave transit effects through a negative, delayed feedback. A linear stability analysis ...

Abstract: Water balance considerations at the soil surface lead to an equation that relates the autocorrelation of soil moisture in climate models to 1) seasonality in the statistics of the atmospheric forcing, 2) the variation of ...

Abstract: The potential role of land initialization in seasonal forecasting is illustrated through ensembles of simulations with the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP) model. For each boreal summer during ...

Abstract: Results are presented from a 35-year integration of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Both ocean and atmosphere are two-level, nonlinear primitive equations models. The global atmospheric model is forced by a steady, zonally ...

Abstract: A benchmark calculation is proposed for evaluating the dynamical cores of atmospheric general circulation models independently of the physical parameterizations. The test focuses on the long-term statistical properties of ...

Abstract: Result obtained with a mixed layer model are used to study the dynamics of stratomulus formation and dissipation in subtropical marine stratocumulus cloud regimes. The model used allows entrainment to be driven by shear ...

Abstract: The intent of this study is to measure the total contribution of individual wind- and moist flux?induced feedback mechanisms on the generation and maintenance of simulated Madden?Julian oscillations (MJOs). This task is ...

Abstract: An equation that describes the partitioning of annual mean precipitation into annual mean evaporation and runoff, developed decades ago by Budyko, is used to derive a second equation that relates the interannual variability ...