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RISThe Development and Validation of a Simple Snow Model for the GISS GCM
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Five years of meteorological and hydrological data from a typical New England watershed where winter snow cover is significant were used to drive and validate two off-line land surface schemes suitable for use in the Goddard ...
Characterizing Land–Atmosphere Coupling and the Implications for Subsurface Thermodynamics
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The objective of this work is to develop a Simple Land-Interface Model (SLIM) that captures the seasonal and interannual behavior of land?atmosphere coupling, as well as the subsequent subsurface temperature evolution. The ...
A Simple Method to Evolve Daily Ground Temperatures from Surface Air Temperatures in Snow-Dominated Regions
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A simple model is developed to evolve daily ground temperatures from surface air temperatures (SATs) in snow-dominated areas. Ground surface temperatures (GSTs) are calculated by propagating the daily SAT through the ...
The Impact of Detailed Snow Physics on the Simulation of Snow Cover and Subsurface Thermodynamics at Continental Scales
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The three-layer snow model of Lynch-Stieglitz is coupled to the global catchment-based land surface model of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration?s Seasonal to Interannual Prediction Project, and the combined ...
Advantages of a Topographically Controlled Runoff Simulation in a Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Transfer Model
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Two methods to incorporate subgrid variability in soil moisture and runoff production into soil?vegetation?atmosphere transfer (SVAT) models are compared: 1) the variable infiltration capacity model approach (VIC), and 2) ...
A Local Forecast of Land Surface Wetness Conditions Derived from Seasonal Climate Predictions
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: An ensemble local hydrologic forecast derived from the seasonal forecasts of the International Research Institute for Climate Prediction (IRI) is presented. Three-month seasonal forecasts were used to resample historical ...
An Efficient Approach to Modeling the Topographic Control of Surface Hydrology for Regional and Global Climate Modeling
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The current generation of land-surface models used in GCMs view the soil column as the fundamental hydrologic unit. While this may be effective in simulating such processes as the evolution of ground temperatures and the ...
Modeling Snow-Cover Heterogeneity over Complex Arctic Terrain for Regional and Global Climate Models
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The small-scale (10 to 100 m) and local-scale (100 m to 10 km) effects of topography (elevation, slope, and aspect) and snow redistribution by wind on the evolution of the snowmelt are investigated. The chosen study area ...
Characteristics and Trends of River Discharge into Hudson, James, and Ungava Bays, 1964–2000
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The characteristics and trends of observed river discharge into the Hudson, James, and Ungava Bays (HJUBs) for the period 1964?2000 are investigated. Forty-two rivers with outlets into these bays contribute on average 714 ...
The Water Budget of the Kuparuk River Basin, Alaska
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A water budget study that considers precipitation, river runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture for the Kuparuk River basin on the North Slope of Alaska is presented. Numerical simulations of hydrologic processes ...