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Abstract: A finite element scheme with second-order basis functions is introduced for vertical discretization using a spectral model for horizontal discretization. The basis functions are required to be continuous, and no assumption ...

Abstract: Complex chaotic systems are systems of high dimension and are unpredictable but often contain subsystems that are simple and predictable. The existence of such simple, ordered subsystems would indicate a predictability of ...

Abstract: ut cells use regular or nearly regular polygonal cells to describe fields. For a given orography, some cells may be completely under the mountain, some completely above the mountain, and some are partially filled with air. ...

Abstract: A practical method is proposed to achieve high-order finite-difference schemes on grids that are quasi-homogeneous on the sphere. A family of grids is used that are characterized by the parameter NP, which can take on ...

Abstract: AbstractIn this study, an alternative local Galerkin method (LGM), the o3o3 scheme, is proposed. o3o3 is a variant or generalization of the third-order spectral element method (SEM3). It uses third-order piecewise polynomials ...

Abstract: The most common option for numerical models of the atmosphere is to use model layers following the surface of the earth, using a terrain-following vertical coordinate. The present paper investigates the forecast of clouds ...