Abstract: A coupled ice?mixed layer?ocean model is constructed for the Arctic Ocean, the Barents Sea, and the Greenland?Iceland?Norwegian Sea. The model is used to address Arctic numerical modeling with and without climate restoring. ...

Abstract: The minimum of Arctic sea ice extent in the summer of 2007 was unprecedented in the historical record. A coupled ice?ocean model is used to determine the state of the ice and ocean over the past 29 yr to investigate the ...

Abstract: Recent observations show dramatic changes of the Arctic atmosphere?ice?ocean system. Here the authors demonstrate, through the analysis of a vast collection of previously unsynthesized observational data, that over the ...