Abstract: North Atlantic air-sea heat and freshwater flux data from several sources are used to estimate the conversion rate of water from one density to another throughout the range of sea surface density. This cross-isopycnal mass ...

Abstract: A decade-mean global ocean circulation is estimated using inverse techniques, incorporating air?sea fluxes of heat and freshwater, recent hydrographic sections, and direct current measurements. This information is used to ...

Abstract: Observations of large-scale hydrography, air?sea forcing, and regional circulation from numerous studies are combined by inverse methods to determine the basin-scale circulation, average diapycnal mixing, and adjustments ...

Abstract: The total transport of Antarctic Bottom Water across the Rio Grande Rise, including the western boundary, the Vema Channel, and the Hunter Channel is estimated from hydrographic measurements across these pathways. The ...

Abstract: Two moored arrays deployed in the Romanche Fracture Zone and Chain Fracture Zone in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean provide two-year-long time series of current and temperature in the Lower North Atlantic Deep Water and the ...

Abstract: Antarctic Bottom Water flows into the western North Atlantic across the equator, shifting from the western side to the eastern side of the trough between the American continents and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge as it continues ...

Abstract: A buoyancy flux across the sea surface between the outcropping of isopycnals must be balanced by a subsurface diapycnal buoyancy flux. If this flux were only advective, its derivative with respect to buoyancy would provide ...

Abstract: Eddy time and length scales are calculated from surface drifter and subsurface float observations in the northern Atlantic Ocean. Outside the energetic Gulf Stream, subsurface timescales are relatively constant at depths ...

Abstract: Eddy time and length scales are calculated from surface drifter and subsurface float observations in the northern Atlantic Ocean. Outside the energetic Gulf Stream, subsurface timescales are relatively constant at depths ...

Abstract: Southern Ocean air?sea fluxes from the COADS dataset are examined for compatibility between buoyancy gain and northward Ekman transport. An analysis in density classes points to an upwelling of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water ...