Abstract: A Jacobian formulation of the pressure gradient force for use in models with topography-following coordinates is proposed. It can be used in conjunction with any vertical coordinate system and is easily implemented. Vertical ...

Abstract: An embedded bottom boundary layer (EBBL) scheme is developed to improve the bottom topographic representation in z-coordinate ocean general circulation models. The EBBL scheme is based on the combined techniques of an ...

Abstract: his paper proposes an effective approach on how to predict tsunamis rapidly following a submarine earthquake by combining a real-time GPS-derived tsunami source function with a set of precalculated all-source Green's ...

Abstract: A new formulation of the pressure gradient force for use in models with topography-following coordinates is proposed and diagnostically analyzed in Part I. Here, it is shown that important properties of the continuous ...

Abstract: his paper provides a spectral optimal gridding (SOG) method to make a dynamically consistent reconstruction of water temperature for the global ocean at different depth levels. The dynamical consistency is achieved by using ...