Abstract: We estimated the lift and thrust of the proto-wings of the dinosaur Caudipteryx, a close relative of birds, using both theoretical and experimental approaches. Our experiments utilized a newly reconstructed flapping wing ...

Abstract: For composite laminates, a rising R-curve is observed for their fracture toughness under Mode I stress, which is important for a comprehensive failure analysis of the materials. Since it is laborious to measure the R-curve ...