Abstract: Predicted values for the shrinkage and swelling potentials of expansive soils are principal parameters used in the design of ground-supported structures because unsteady soil movement affects long-term structural reliability. ...

Abstract: l Niño is widely recognized as a source of global climate variability. However, because of limited ocean observations during the early part of the twentieth century, little is known about El Niño events prior to the 1950s. ...