Abstract: New nonlinear partial differential equations containing terrain curvature and its rate of change are derived that describe the flow of an atmospheric density current. Unlike the classical hydraulic-type equations for density ...

Abstract: Data assimilation has traditionally been employed to provide initial conditions for numerical weather prediction (NWP). A multiyear time sequence of objective analyses produced by data assimilation can also be used as an ...

Abstract: The fixed-lag Kalman smoother was proposed recently by S. E. Cohn et al. as a framework for providing retrospective data assimilation capability in atmospheric reanalysis projects. Retrospective data assimilation refers ...