Abstract: nonlinear behavior of baroclinic waves is studied by means of numerical integrations of the primitive equations for initial zonal-mean states with almost identical temperature fields but differing barotropic flow components. ...

Abstract: The effect of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes on explosive cyclogenesis has been found to be quite variable. Sensitivity tests reveal little or no influence in some cases and dramatic effects in others. However, ...

Abstract: The response of a baroclinically unstable atmosphere to a localized initial perturbation is examined. In a preliminary numerical experiment, using a nonlinear primitive-equation model with spherical geometry, new disturbances ...

Abstract: Some aspects of the nonlinear behavior of mid-latitude baroclinic waves are investigated by means of a series of integrations of the primitive equations with spherical geometry. Each integration has as initial conditions ...

Abstract: The reanalysis programs of numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers provide global, comprehensive descriptions of the atmosphere and of the earth?s surface over long periods of time. The high realism of their representation ...

Abstract: Several meteorological datasets, including U.K. Met Office (MetO), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and NASA?s Goddard Earth Observation ...

Abstract: Several new types of satellite instrument will provide improved measurements of Earth's hydrological cycle and the humidity of the atmosphere. In an effort to make the best possible use of these data, the modeling and ...

Abstract: No abstract available.

Abstract: he ECMWF twentieth century reanalysis (ERA-20C; 1900?2010) assimilates surface pressure and marine wind observations. The reanalysis is single-member, and the background errors are spatiotemporally varying, derived from ...