Abstract: Track performance is largely dependent on ballast performance. Unfavorable ballast conditions cause track geometry roughness and can contribute to increased rates of damage and deterioration to the rail, tie, and fastening ...

Abstract: Track performance is largely dependent on ballast performance. Unfavorable ballast conditions cause track geometry roughness and can contribute to increased rates of damage and deterioration to the rail, tie, and fastening ...

Abstract: Mud pumping has been known to cause severe track degradation and compromise the safety of train operations. Mud pumping is normally the result of simultaneous upward intrusion of fine-grained soils into the ballast voids ...