Abstract: he equatorward cold airmass flux below potential temperature ?T = 280 K across 45°N integrated from 90°E to 180° is used as an index to quantitatively measure cold air outbreaks (CAOs) in the East Asian winter monsoon. ...

Abstract: n analysis method is proposed for polar cold airmass streams from generation to disappearance. It designates a threshold potential temperature ?T at around the turning point of the extratropical direct (ETD) meridional ...