Abstract: Described in this paper is a novel approach to four-dimensional (4D) computer-aided design (CAD). It involves a two-way symbiotic relationship between three-dimensional (3D) CAD software and a software implementation of ...

Abstract: It is the cost estimator’s task to determine how the building design influences construction costs. Estimators must recognize the design conditions that effect construction costs and adjust the project’s activities, ...

Abstract: Existing project management practices underemphasize the interrelationships between individual work tasks and other project components. This leaves the interdependencies under-recognized and under-managed, and promotes a ...

Abstract: A building information model (BIM) provides a rich representation of a building’s design. However, there are many challenges in receiving construction-specific information from a BIM, limiting the usability of BIMs for ...