Abstract: his paper studies operators inspired by the fluctuation?dissipation theorem that consider the seasonality (nonstationarity) of the climate system under conditions of limited sample size relevant to application of the method ...

Abstract: An argument is made that the concepts of conditional instability and conditional symmetric instability need to be revisited. Confusion in the profession has led to two extant definitions of conditional instability that are ...

Abstract: Conditions leading to convective outbreak in the Tropics are investigated by multivariate analysis of sounding and satellite data from the tropical western Pacific area. Circumstances that make the prediction problem ...

Abstract: The water vapor budget of the free troposphere of the maritime Tropics is investigated using radiosonde observations, analyzed fields, and satellite observations, with particular attention paid to regions free of organized ...

Abstract: Links are examined between time-averaged cloud radiative properties, particularly the longwave and shortwave components of cloud radiative forcing (CRF), and properties of the long-term averages of atmospheric soundings, ...

Abstract: A retrieval of ice crystal size near the tops of active deep cumulonimbus clouds (Cb) throughout the Tropics over a 12-yr period is presented based on radiances from the 3.7-?m channel of the Advanced Very High Resolution ...

Abstract: All instrumental climate records are affected by instrumentation changes and variations in sampling over time. While much attention has been paid to the problem of detecting ?change points? in time series, little has been ...

Abstract: A simple four-cell model of the tropical atmosphere in equilibrium with its boundaries is introduced, which can support a variable diabatic circulation and prognostic temperature and humidity profiles. The model is used ...

Abstract: Analyzed wind fields are used to perform a simple advection of moisture by the large-scale circulation in three dimensions at 2.5° resolution. The unresolved moisture sink Q2 due to convection is neglected, except in regions ...