Abstract: The problem of determining the required precision in observations in order to obtain a desired precision in final parameters, classically known as the second order design problem, is revisited in this paper and proposed ...

Abstract: The present paper focuses on the theory of outlier detection in least-squares adjustment. Although the case of a single outlier can be efficiently handled, extensions of the testing theory to the multiple outlier case seem ...

Abstract: In the computation of a geodetic network, it is well known that the least-squares adjustment may not be the ideal solution when gross errors appear. In general there are two fundamental approaches to determining gross ...

Abstract: Robust estimation has proved to be a valuable approach to adjust a surveying network when there are systematic or gross errors in the observations or systematic errors in the functional model. In the present paper we propose ...

Abstract: Robust estimation yields more accurate results than least-squares estimation in the presence of undesirable errors. It has been recently applied to the process of GNSS differential positioning in the standard fashion of ...

Abstract: Absolute distance determination, which is the determination of distances consistent with the International System of Units (SI) definition of meter, is a current challenge for distances of several kilometers in the open ...

Abstract: This paper describes research carried out both to obtain the location and identify possible vestiges of the old geodetic benchmarks used by the expedition formed by French geodesists Arago and Biot and Spanish geodesists ...