Abstract: The proper determination of friction condition during metal forming operations is imperative for successful process design and production of parts. Through the years, various methods of determining ...

Abstract: Finite element simulations are being widely used to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of design of bulk metal forming processes. In such simulations, proper consideration of friction ...

Abstract: In the present investigation, a tip test based on upsetting and backward extrusion was utilized to characterize the effect of surface roughness of the billet and forming tools, and the type ...