Abstract: A 62-member ensemble of coupled general circulation model (GCM) simulations of the years 1940?2080, including the effects of projected greenhouse gas increases, is examined. The focus is on the interplay between the trend ...

Abstract: A potentially efficient description of the atmospheric circulation is investigated in the context of a barotropic spectral model, truncated to T21. The model circulation evolves around a realistic winter climate and has a ...

Abstract: In this paper, an attempt to close a low-order barotropic model for the neglected interactions in a perfect model setting is described. A barotropic T21 model with forcing and dissipation included is reformulated in terms ...

Abstract: In this study, empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) are used as basis functions in a spectral model of the atmospheric circulation. Two hypotheses are tested. The first hypothesis is that a basis of EOFs is more efficient ...

Abstract: onditional Markov chain (CMC) models have proven to be promising building blocks for stochastic convection parameterizations. In this paper, it is demonstrated how two different CMC models can be used as mass flux closures ...

Abstract: The detection and attribution of climate change in the observed record play a central role in synthesizing knowledge of the climate system. Unfortunately, the traditional method for detecting and attributing changes due ...

Abstract: ct available.