Abstract: This paper is an evaluation of the role of salinity in the framework of temperature data assimilation in a global ocean model that is used to initialize seasonal climate forecasts. It is shown that the univariate assimilation ...

Abstract: arbon cycle feedbacks are usually categorized into carbon?concentration and carbon?climate feedbacks, which arise owing to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and changing physical climate. Both feedbacks are often ...

Abstract: he increase in atmospheric CO2 over this century depends on the evolution of the oceanic air?sea CO2 uptake, which will be driven by the combined response to rising atmospheric CO2 itself and climate change. Here, the ...

Abstract: he carbon cycle is a crucial Earth system component affecting climate and atmospheric composition. The response of natural carbon uptake to CO2 and climate change will determine anthropogenic emissions compatible with a ...