Abstract: An idealized analytical model of the barotropic potential vorticity (PV) staircase is constructed, constrained by global conservation of absolute angular momentum, perfect homogenization of PV in mixing zones between ...

Abstract: Observations of the Southern Hemispheric winter conditions indicate that the major warming of September 2002 resulted from a combination of stationary wave-1 and traveling wave-2 forcing events and suggest that wave and ...

Abstract: he Martian polar atmosphere is known to have a persistent local minimum in potential vorticity (PV) near the winter pole, with a region of high PV encircling it. This finding is surprising, since an isolated band of PV is ...