Abstract: Dynamical models driven by ?observed? forcing fields (e.g., the wind) have a true solution uncertainty owing to observational errors in the driving. This uncertainty is usually hidden from view because conventional numerical ...

Abstract: A new inverse model to study the large-scale ocean circulation and its associated heat and freshwater budget is developed. The model relies on traditional assumptions of mass, heat, and salt conservation. A three-dimensional ...

Abstract: The mass budget of the ocean in the period 1993?2003 is studied with a general circulation model. The model has a free surface and conserves mass rather than volume; that is, freshwater is exchanged with the atmosphere via ...

Abstract: A variational inverse technique is applied to assimilate sea surface height (SSH) measurements into a simple eddy-resolving quasigeostrophic ocean model. The data used were measured by Geosat in the spring of 1987 in an ...

Abstract: mpirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is commonly used in the climate sciences and elsewhere to describe, reconstruct, and predict highly dimensional data fields. When data contain a high percentage of missing values ...

Abstract: n recent years, several ensemble-based Kalman filter algorithms have been developed that have been classified as ensemble square root Kalman filters. Parallel to this development, the singular ?evolutive? interpolated ...

Abstract: nsemble Kalman filter methods are typically used in combination with one of two localization techniques. One technique is covariance localization, or direct forecast error localization, in which the ensemble-derived forecast ...